Hiroshima, capital of Hiroshima Prefecture with 2.06 million residents, occupies tragic yet hopeful place in world history as first city destroyed by atomic bomb on August 6, 1945, killing 140,000 people and obliterating urban center. The bombing ended World War II while demonstrating nuclear weapons' devastating power, making Hiroshima eternal symbol of atomic age's dangers and peace advocacy necessity. Post-war reconstruction transformed ruins into modern city promoting nuclear disarmament and international peace through Peace Memorial Park, museum, and annual ceremonies attended by global leaders. The preserved Genbaku Dome (Atomic Bomb Dome), skeletal remains of building near hypocenter, gained UNESCO World Heritage status in 1996 as permanent reminder of nuclear warfare's destructive effects. Hiroshima's identity centers on peace message—survivor testimonies, educational programs, and diplomatic initiatives promoting nuclear abolition demonstrate how tragedy can inspire moral purpose.

Contemporary Hiroshima balances peace city image with economic development as regional center for western Honshu. The economy depends on manufacturing including Mazda automobile production, machinery, steel, shipbuilding, and services sustaining growing population. Seto Inland Sea location provides scenic beauty, mild climate, and seafood culture creating livable environment combining urban amenities with natural access. Challenges include survivor population declining as average age exceeds 86, risking loss of direct testimonies making atomic bombing tangible rather than abstract history. Yet Hiroshima maintains global relevance through peace advocacy, UNESCO designation attracting international visitors, and determination that city rebuilt from ashes represents humanity's resilience and commitment to preventing nuclear catastrophe. The 80th anniversary in 2025 drew 55,000 attendees from 120 countries, demonstrating continued resonance of Hiroshima's message in era of rising nuclear threats and geopolitical tensions.